• OIL AND GREASE DETERMINATION, SOLVENT HAZARDS AND WASTE DISPOSAL WHEN USING TRICHLOROMETHANE (CHLOROFORM) FOR EXTRACTION

    Author(s):
    Lawrence K Wang (see profile) , Mu-Hao Sung Wang
    Editor(s):
    Hung-ping Tsao
    Date:
    2022
    Group(s):
    Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM)
    Subject(s):
    Science--Study and teaching, Technology--Study and teaching, Research
    Item Type:
    Book chapter
    Tag(s):
    oil and grease, Environmental Chemistry, chloroform, hazard management, waste disposal, Science and technology studies (STS)
    Permanent URL:
    https://doi.org/10.17613/4zjy-m352
    Abstract:
    Wang, LK and Wang, MHS (2022). Oil and grease determination, solvent hazards and waste disposal when using trichloromethane (chloroform) for extraction; In: “Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM)”, Wang, LK and Tsao, HP (eds.), 4 (6D), STEAM-VOL4-NUM6D-JUNE2022. ISBN 978-0-9890870-3-2. 57 pages. July 2022, Lenox Institute Press, Massachusetts, USA. ..........ABSTRACT: This publication introduces a new oil and grease (O&G) determination method which involves the use of a visible spectrophotometer or a filter photometer, and a solvent (chloroform) for O&G extraction. The laboratory equipment and chloroform are available in all water quality laboratories. The oil and grease concentration in aqueous phase as low as 0.1 mg/L can be quantitatively measured, provided that a quartz cell with light path length of 5 cm or longer is used. Selection of an appropriate organic solvent for oil and grease analysis is discussed in terms of chemist contact risk and hazardous solvent disposal. Current Standard Methods 5520B, 5520D, 5520E, and 5520G for oil and grease analysis adopt n-hexane for solvent extraction. The authors compare the selected solvent (chloroform) with n-hexane and conclude that chloroform is better than n-hexane considering the fire and accident prevention because n-hexane is very flammable, but chloroform is not flammable. In terms of the worker's health hazard, both chloroform and n-hexane are at the same level, but chloroform is a "select carcinogen" which needs extra personal protective equipment (PPE) and laboratory protective equipment (LPE). This new analytical method using regular spectrophotometer and popular chloroform for O&G extraction will provide extra flexibility. It is recommended that chloroform in analytical chemistry be eventually replaced by other solvent of non-"select carcinogen" type.
    Notes:
    KEYWORDS: Memoir, Dedication, Aimee E. Thayer, Lenox Institute of Water Technology, Environmental Engineering, Water Pollution, Water Quality Analysis, Oil, Grease, Soaps, Hydrocarbons, Solvent Extraction, Colorimetry, Spectrophotometry, Trichloromethane, Chloroform, Risk Management, Hazardous Solvent Disposal, Solvent Recycle, n-Hexane Comparison, Standard Methods, Solvent Recommendation, Glossary of Solvent Hazards
    Metadata:
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    Published as:
    Book chapter     Show details
    Publisher:
    Lenox Institute Press, Massachusetts, USA.
    Pub. Date:
    June 2022
    Book Title:
    Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM)
    Author/Editor:
    Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors)
    Chapter:
    6D
    Page Range:
    1 - 57
    ISBN:
    978-0-9890870-3-2
    Status:
    Published
    Last Updated:
    2 years ago
    License:
    All Rights Reserved
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