• OIL AND GREASE DETERMINATION, SOLVENT HAZARDS AND WASTE DISPOSAL WHEN USING TRICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE FOR EXTRACTION

    Author(s):
    Lawrence K Wang (see profile) , Mu-Hao Sung Wang
    Contributor(s):
    Lenox Institute
    Editor(s):
    Hung-ping Tsao
    Date:
    2022
    Group(s):
    Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM), Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
    Subject(s):
    Science--Study and teaching, Technology--Study and teaching
    Item Type:
    Book chapter
    Tag(s):
    oil and grease, Environmental Chemistry, trichlorotrifluoroethane, health hazard investigation, N-Hexane, Science and technology studies (STS)
    Permanent URL:
    https://doi.org/10.17613/tk2k-vj19
    Abstract:
    A spectrophotometric procedure has been developed for determination of oil and grease in aqueous phase. The water sample is acidified to a low pH (less than or equal to 2) and extracted with 1,1,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane (Freon 113, or CFC 113). Under controlled conditions, the oil and grease are extractable into a selected organic solvent, where the intensity of yellow color is proportional to the oil and grease concentration. The color in the selected organic solvent (Freon) is measured by spectrophotometry at recommended wavelengths. The new analytical method uses a visible spectrophotometer or a filter photometer, which is available in almost any water quality laboratories. The oil and grease concentration as low as 0.1 mg/L can be quantitatively measured, provided that a quartz cell with light path length of 5 cm or longer is used. Colorimetry (instead of spectrophotometry) can also be used if a colorimeter is properly calibrated or color charts are properly developed. Selection of an appropriate organic solvent for oil and grease analysis is discussed in terms of chemist contact risk and hazardous solvent disposal. Current Standard Methods 5520B, 5520D, 5520E, and 5520G for oil and grease analysis adopt n-hexane for solvent extraction. The authors compare the selected solvent (1,1,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane) with n-hexane and conclude that 1,1,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane is much safer than n-hexane considering the safety of both workers and the laboratory although 1,1,2-trichloro-l,2,2-trifluoroethane is an ozone-depleting substance (ODS). Solvent recycle and/or proper laboratory waste management will eliminate the opportunity of ODS release to the environment.
    Notes:
    KEYWORDS: Memoir, Dedication, Aimee E. Thayer, Lenox Institute of Water Technology, Environmental Engineering, Water Pollution, Water Quality Analysis, Oil, Grease, Soaps, Hydrocarbons, Solvent Extraction, Colorimetry, Spectrophotometry, Trichlorotrifluoroethane, Innovation, Risk Management, Hazardous Solvent Disposal, Solvent Recycle, n-Hexane Comparison, Standard Methods, Solvent Recommendation, Glossary of Solvent Hazards, Ozone-Depleting-Substance.
    Metadata:
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    Published as:
    Book chapter     Show details
    Publisher:
    Lenox Institute Press, Massachusetts, USA.
    Pub. Date:
    June 2022
    Book Title:
    Evolutionary Progress in Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics (STEAM)
    Author/Editor:
    Lawrence K. Wang and Hung-ping Tsao (editors)
    Chapter:
    6B
    Page Range:
    1 - 53
    ISBN:
    978-0-9890870-3-2
    Status:
    Published
    Last Updated:
    1 year ago
    License:
    All Rights Reserved
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